PHP面向对象:使用接口与组合模拟多继承2010-07-11

來源:http://www.nowamagic.net/php/php_MutipleExtends.php

通过组合模拟多重继承在PHP中不支持多重继承,如果我们向使用多个类的方法而实现代码重用有什么办法么?
那就是组合。在一个类中去将另外一个类设置成属性。
下面的例子,模拟了多重继承。
<?
class User {
    private $name = "tom";
    public function getName(){
        return $this->name;
    }
}
class Teacher{
    private $lengthOfService = 5; // 工龄
    public function getLengthOfService(){
        return $this->lengthOfService;
    }
}
// 上面的类中的set方法就不写了.
// 如果有个研究生,既是学生也算工龄.
class GraduateStudent extends User {
    private $teacher ;
    public function __construct(){
        $this->teacher = new Teacher();    
    } 
    public function getLengthOfService(){
        return $this->teacher->getLengthOfService();
    }
}
$graduateStudent = new GraduateStudent();
echo "name is ".$graduateStudent->getName()."<br>";
echo "lengthOfService is ".$graduateStudent->getLengthOfService();

?>
程序运行结果:

name is tom
lengthOfService is 5

不完全的多重继承上面的例子是多重继承么?
我们继续运行下面的代码。
<?
class User{
    private $name = "tom";
    public function getName(){
        return $this->name;
    }
}
class Teacher{
    private $lengthOfService = 5; // 工龄
    public function getLengthOfService(){
        return $this->lengthOfService;
    }
}
class GraduateStudent extends User {
    private $teacher ;
    public function __construct(){
        $this->teacher = new Teacher();    
    } 
    public function getLengthOfService(){
        return $this->teacher->getLengthOfService();
    }
}
class Act{
    public static function getUserName(User $_user){
        echo $_user->getName();
    }
    public static function  getLengthOfService(Teacher $_teacher){
        echo $_teacher->getLengthOfService();
    }
}
$graduateStudent = new GraduateStudent();
Act::getUserName($graduateStudent);
Act::getLengthOfService($graduateStudent);

?>


程序运行结果:

tom
Catchable fatal error: Argument 1 passed to Act::getLengthOfService() must be an instance of Teacher, instance of GraduateStudent given, called in E:\PHPProjects\NowaMagic\php\4-8-2.php on line 34 and defined in E:\PHPProjects\NowaMagic\php\4-8-2.php on line 28

我们并不能将$graduateStudent代表的实例当作Teacher类型传入。
这样的多重继承是失败的,没有多重身份,怎么能叫多重继承呢?
使用接口实现多重继承通过把类的特征抽象为接口,并通过实现接口的方式让对象有多重身份,自然就可以完全模拟多重继承了。
<?
interface UserInterface{ //定义User的接口
    function getname();
}
interface TeacherInterface{ //teacher相关接口
    function getLengthOfService();
}
class User implements UserInterface { //实现UserInterface接口
    private $name = "tom";
    public function getName(){
        return $this->name;
    }
}
class Teacher implements TeacherInterface { //实现TeacherInterface接口
    private $lengthOfService = 5; // 工龄
    public function getLengthOfService(){
        return $this->lengthOfService;
    }
}
// 继承自User类,同时实现了TeacherInterface接口.
class GraduateStudent extends User implements TeacherInterface {
    private $teacher ;
    public function __construct(){
        $this->teacher = new Teacher();    
    } 
    public function getLengthOfService(){
        return $this->teacher->getLengthOfService();
    }
}
class Act{
    //注意这里的类型提示改成了接口类型
    public static function getUserName(UserInterface $_user){
        echo "Name is " . $_user->getName() ."<br>";
    }
    //这里的类型提示改成了TeacherInterface类型.
    public static function  getLengthOfService(TeacherInterface $_teacher){
        echo "Age is " .$_teacher->getLengthOfService() ."<br>";
    }
}
$graduateStudent = new GraduateStudent();
Act::getUserName($graduateStudent);
Act::getLengthOfService($graduateStudent);
//结果正如我们所要的,实现了有多重身份的一个对象.
?>


程序运行结果:
Name is tom
Age is 5